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A^(q)EB

1Ӣ_(ti) AAAȫ(gu)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
Ӣ_(ti)
Ӣ_(ti)T(mn)Ұl(f)F(xin)֮о߼ָJ(rn)_(ti)T(mn)ԭַͨ^(gu)ʷ͌(du)(dng)?sh)Cͬr(sh)_(ti)80dǰľ·𸡬F(xin)ǰλںк·(c)Ӣ_(ti)й(zhn)|200L(zhng)ĺСɽϖ|ֱT(mn)Rűˎ(k)(du)gǴٳو(chng)߅ľ[[C(j)(g)_(ti)Bͬٽռes1f(wn)ƽʼw17(Ԫ1891),mv(jng)꣬@һ_(ti)ڮ(dng)ϵ(gu)(ni)„ĺ_(ti)֮һcϺą_(ti)Ĵ_(ti)V|ĻT(mn)_(ti)Q(chng)ȫ(gu)Ĵ_(ti)Ǻη-ĚvʷҊ(jin)C1985꺣_(ti)м(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ20065±(gu)(w)Ժ(zhn)ȫ(gu)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ T(mn)Ʊ 10Ԫ8ԪW(xu)r(ji)_(ki)ŕr(sh)g _(ki)žc(din)λúA^(q)Q(mo)·3̖(ho)[Ԕ(x)]
2Ĺ AAȫ(gu)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
Ĺ
Ĺ(gu)Ҽ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λںʡIĴĺĹһL(zhng)@ܞʯ@(ni)ľļL(zhng)࣬h(hun)?k)oCĹ@ʼf(wn)vʮ꣨1589꣩ǻʵSӂ(zhun)̵ϱO(jin)޽ɵ(j)f(shu)(dng)`\(yn)F(xin)Ĺؕr(sh)̧`ѵKͻȻ˂Ԟ@ǺxȡL(fng)ˮnj͵ᡣ15141587꣩tһև(gu)_(ki)̖(ho)ɽи(zhn)𻨴el(xing)ԇ붼nM(jn)ʿƽIδ֪hd(gu)֪h΃(ni)棬ԲۿÓڡڼξʮΑ˾r(sh)ڌŷʿ(zhun)SպL(zhng)֮ˎʧo(w)˸Gֻк-ֱG@ҰTz@¡c꣨1569꣩Α(yng)Ѳ΃(ni)迣һl޷⵽˵ķ(du)šl(xing)һ[Ԕ(x)]
犘
犘DZОڰ˾֮һvʷƾǞm(yng)(du)̶ͨѳɞڵҪĘ(bio)־cԽ֮һĺ犘1987(j)нO(sh)Ҫf犘ԭòܿĽɺɞһ顰•犘λںЅ^(q)L(zhng)·ڃͯ@(ni)뺣ɽMcɽ·(du)RϪְˮӰbsʮõe110.25ƽףռ27.56ƽǸ27.36䓽Y(ji)(gu)òۂ^xϺ555߅ֱ2ωK(gu)r(sh)L(zhng)0.53L(zhng)130犈(bo)r(sh)һΣɔU(ku)4(g)Ȳ(l)(l)ƓP(yng)f犘ǽBʮ꣨1686꣩O(sh)y(tng)ܱuغʮ̎ĺP(gun)ڣ(gu)(ni)غۿں͖|ρ(gu)(li)̴՝u؄eS꣨1858꣩ڱٞ͢錦(du)ڡ[Ԕ(x)]
4RR
RR
ĺ@Ǹ¸٣^ȼم^(q)ijڷ[һ̎L(fng)컵Ȫ@ǺӵԴ^ҲǺһ̎EڵءRַQ(chng)ŏRR˸M(jn)o·ʮ֮(hu)·߅һK˶ߵĻɽʯR֘·߅ĝؾˮ峺Rc(din)ռe20஀һ(g)(bio)(zhn)(chng)ԴҪһ(d)ďRRǰأRV(chng)ͣ܇(ch)(chng)ȪһlСϪһɽrʯ߀һƷ;^M^(q)m󣬵ڝ峺ĻɽrȪˮ(dng)?sh)ҲQ(chng)֮顰ˮL(zhng)ɱ֮?ch)ֲSï`ʮ㡣һݡˮϴЉmһڡˮܜʎ`׌㕺r(sh)sgğ@ǺdȪo҂ġԴĸŏRȪγɵСϪıR^Ҫ(jng)^(gu)һ[Ԕ(x)]
5m ʡ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
m
mλɽ·87̖(ho)ĺm(ҲQ(chng)RR)ʼԪ700vʷźؔ(ci)T(mn)m(dng)a(chn)D(zhun)wзa(chn)ֹзa(chn)֌䮔(dng)ֱܹL(zhng)UoQ(mo)ٵĺƷ(yng)˾ɽAS̈(chng)ʹ20006£(zhn)mм(j)ﱣo(h)λ20095ʡ(zhn)mڶʡ(j)ﱣo(h)λ(j)¡_(ti)־ӛdԪڭɽٺڣf(wn)ݣf(wn)ݣ͸ж|ȵѽ(jng)F(xin)ˡR^(gu)f(wn)͖|ġRџo(w)zEΨкڵдzַںϽɽ·ͰɳT(mn)ϴRF(xin)СmձС~﴾ġύuʷҲᵽύuRԪr(sh)ڰɳͺڵġɽ·ġmһSʮ꣨1860꣩2000[Ԕ(x)]
P(gun)fַ
P(gun)fַ,1934,A^(q)Äɳ·4̖(ho)ںP(gun){(dio)w˷ǷǬg1165-1173꣩ںO(sh)в־`?gu)Vв˾˞魂P(gun)rΣ念ʮ꣨1685꣩Uв˾ƶO(sh)㡢}ĺP(gun)P(gun)O(sh)7̎ڿ֮һ1934P(gun)ُ(gu)õƤ5227.76ƽr(ji)ֵ35319.37ԪڬF(xin)ַ_(ki)ʼ(dng)d1937P(gun)ǿʽʹP(gun)fַǮ(dng)r(sh)ڵĘ(bio)־ԽҊ(jin)C˺ںP(gun)l(f)չĜɣv(dng)̎ڰ⽨ֳ|(zh)ĺϺϽ(jng)Q(mo)l(f)չvʷͬr(sh)ҲЏ(qing)Ї(gu)ӊZ҇(gu)YԴҊ(jin)C20135P(gun)fַȫ(gu)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ[Ԕ(x)]
(zhn)_(ti)zַ
(zhn)_(ti)zַǺc(din)ﱣo(h)λλںA^(q)I|·(c)c̩A·ς(c)ĞI@λǺв^(zhn)_(ti)ʼwʮһ꣨Ԫ1885꣩_(ti)ʈA¶ʽ_(ti)܉ԫh(hun)ڣԫ3.15wռe0.89_(ti)(ni)o(h)ԫָλôһԭџo(w)棩ڿڳֱָݺ{(g)ڞͬr(sh)ˮAݿɵRλƽ_(ti)ԱtT(mn)λһlPֱˮL(zhng)15_(ti)DZTM(jn)ˎݔ֮,Ե؄(sh)ƽ̹_(ti)(ni)(c)ˮһڣTʹ(zhn)_(ti)r(sh)ֵз(zhn)(zhng)܊֭@Ї(gu)ĚvʷҊ(jin)C[Ԕ(x)]
8լ ʡ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
լ
ɽ·Ͻ63̖(ho)һ̎y(tng)Ⱥլ100ĚvʷL(fng)T֮gTDZͺɫլҎ(gu)ģ󣬲և(yn)֔(jn)ԭĻzɳɞϽ־^֮ءլe1000ƽԭȵݹ5M(jn)(gu)(1913)֪ιʲ˵M(jn)tF(xin)eլؖ|10ɂ(c)ȏTסx(sh)ҲƷݺȏTͬM3(g)ĺԺ^(q)ַʡA^(q)ɽ·63̖(ho)܇(ch)·ںЃ(ni)35614203043601܇(ch)ǰ[Ԕ(x)]
9ɽo(j) ʡ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
ɽo(j)
ɽo(j)Ǻc(din)ﱣo(h)λλںA^(q)·19̖(ho)λǺA^(q)֡ɽo(j)ϣռe2.28нe700ƽסo(j)ǰһ(g)eT(mn)ͥ߼(j)ˮ_(ti)AǴT(mn)T(mn)ɂ(c)л؃ɂ(g)T(mn)ǰ6ˮʯtɫ֮g5(g)T(mn)gĞT(mn)MϿСɽo(j)ádϸ߱ͣ_(ti)ϯ_(ti)w϶ǰe^픞Gɫ(g)dݼ{1200˅Ӹ(li)(hu)h(dng)ȡ[Ԕ(x)]
10R ʡ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
R
RλںA^(q)xd75̖(ho)ǼʿϵR߿hˣ񿣵ĸ߲[Ⱥ(sh)AM磬ѲŲԺ20һֱǻڸݸ丮R֪ͬ85qԊ(sh)Ă솢M(jn)һM(jn)͵ڶM(jn)֮g쾮ڶM(jn)͵M(jn)֮gаrͤ߅|ռe_(d)1193ƽ(g)RϵuľY(ji)(gu)ʽ(hu)ˇ£Ҏ(gu)ģꂥ^(q)ַʡA^(q)xd75̖(ho)܇(ch)·ںЃ(ni)5202230324243·ǰ[Ԕ(x)]
йµһδ(hu)fַ
й¡һfַλںڽ·ֽ131̖(ho)Ժռe1839ƽףM(jn)g|ĺԺʽ֣ǵ͵ĺӽY(ji)(gu)ʮǰԷNܘ(sh)ͤͤw@ԭǡլ1920լd֮Ї(gu)L(fng)Ƴ¶֮r(sh)1921Ї(gu)a(chn)hQȺa(chn)hT͈F(tun)T(li)M(jn)и(dng)19262ںڡP(gun)ۏRˡй؄e֧[Ԕ(x)]
12̫ˏR
̫ˏR
̫ˏRλںʡA^(q)(zhn)ԓRǰM(jn)M(jn)ʿɣo(j)̫ˣԪ522-602꣬I(lng)vʷϵһλ펽Ӣۣ(jng)vSޣİٶĚvʷRбvī͵Eīc(din)λúʡЭɽ^(q)(zhn)[Ԕ(x)]
ԭP(gun)(w)˾ۡ
ԭP(gun)(w)˾ۡλںA^(q)r(sh)1898麣ʡﱣo(h)λo(h)ﱾw|10.3ס109.915.1מﱣo(h)[Ԕ(x)]
14ٵ ʡ(j)c(din)ﱣo(h)λ
ٵ
ٵλںA^(q)T(zhn)r(sh)麣ʡﱣo(h)λo(h)Թٵ߅|12.6ס10.412.2ס10.8מﱣo(h)[Ԕ(x)]
լ幝(ji)Т
լ幝(ji)ТλںA^(q)(zhn)r(sh)麣ʡﱣo(h)λo(h)ﱾw|8|15מﱣo(h)[Ԕ(x)]